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Masses in nasal cavity form a heterogeneous group of lesions with a broad spectrum of histopathological features. The present study was histopathological assessment of lesions of nasal cavity. Methods: This present study was conducted on 113 specimens of nose obtained from ENT department. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, dried and mounted in DPX and then microscopy was done. Results: Maximum specimens were obtained from age group 21-30 years (45), followed by 31-40 years (28), 11-20 years (24), 41-50 years (13) and >50 years (3). The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Non neoplastic nasal lesions were 82 which comprised of polyps (66), mucormycosis (14), rhinophyma (2). Out of 16 neoplastic (benign) nasal lesions, inverted papilloma was seen in 8, hemangioma in 3, angiofibroma in 2, ossifying fibroma in 2. Out of 8 neoplastic (borderline) nasal lesions, 8 were hemangiopericytoma. Out of 7 neoplastic (malignant) nasal lesions, SCC was seen in 4 and BCC in 3. Conclusion: Common nasal lesions were seen in age group 21-30 years and maximum lesions were non- neoplastic nasal lesions and neoplastic (benign) nasal lesions.
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Introduction: Self-Medication is quite a prevalent publichealth problem and widely practiced in every part of theworld, especially in developing countries like India. SelfMedication can be defined as the use of drugs to treat selfdiagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent orcontinued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrentdisease or symptom, Medical students are in a unique positionfor wide practice of self-medication. The current study aimedto estimate the prevalence and practices of self-medicationamong the undergraduate medical students of Katihar MedicalCollege, Katihar, Bihar, IndiaMaterial and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire basedstudy was conducted among first to final year undergraduatemedical students in the month of February and March 2019,after taking informed consent from participants. The studywas kept anonymous to get genuine response from students.Total 396 students were taken. Out of which 18 incompletequestionnaires were excluded and 378 questionnaires wereanalyzed.Results: Self-medication practice was highly prevalent amongthe undergraduate medical students, with 71.70% reportingthat they indulge in it. Self-medication was more prevalentamong female students than male. Fever and headache (66%)were the most frequently reported illnesses for which Selfmedication was practiced by the students. Analgesics andAntipyretics (64%) were the most common drugs used bystudents for Self-medication. The most common reasonadduced for Self-medication practice (68%) was their beliefthat they have sufficient information and knowledge, and theyknow what to take for which aliment. Internet and Mobileapps (67%) were the major source of information for Selfmedication reported by students.Conclusion: Self-Medication is prevalent among theundergraduate medical students of Katihar Medical College,Katihar, Bihar, India, The findings highlight the need forintervention programmes regarding the practice of selfmedication and educate them regarding advantage anddisadvantages of Self-medication.
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Introduction: Cholera is one of the most important diarrheal diseases in India and continues to be an important health problem in India. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholera serogroups O1 and O139. V. cholerae O1 belonging to the El Tor biotype is the most common serogroup in India. Recently there was an outbreak of acute watery diarrhea in Mant and Nauhjheel Blocks of Mathura district, in May 2017. Objectives: To determine the cause, source and extent of the acute diarrheal disease outbreak in district of Mathura by conducting environmental and microbiological investigations Method: The study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, S.N. Medical College, Agra in association with Department of Community Medicine, S.N. Medical College, Agra. This study was conducted on the water and stool samples collected from Mant and Nauhjheel blocks of Mathura district. Water samples from 2 ice candy factories and 7 Stool samples from suspected cases were collected from areas reporting the maximum number of cases of acute watery diarrhoea, and tested for diarrhoeagenic pathogens in the laboratory. Isolation and identification of pathogen was done according to the standard methodology. Results: Of the 2 water samples and 7 stool samples tested 2 stool samples were found to be positive for V. cholerae. The major reason for the outbreak was traced to be consumption of contaminated water. Conclusion: Provisions of better sanitation and safe drinking water with adequate knowledge of proper hygiene is necessary to avoid recurrence of outbreaks due to cholera. Also continuous surveillance of the outbreak is necessary to avoid the spread of transmission.
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Background: The prevalence of paediatric skin diseases varies worldwide. Paediatric dermatoses require a separate view from adult dermatoses as there are important differences in clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis. Their characterisation is essential for the preparation of academic, research and health plans. Aim: The study was carried out to find the incidence of skin diseases in children under 15 years of age. Methods: All children below 15 years of age attending dermatology outpatient department for first time were evaluated for various skin dermatoses. Skin diseases were classified into groups like infections and infestations, eczematous, non-infective dermatoses and hypersensitivity reactions. Results: Male children predominated with male female ratio 1.3:1. Infections and infestations were the most common (41.8%) cause of skin dermatoses followed by dermatitis (20.7%), non-infective & autoimmune dermatoses (13.4%) and hypersensitivity reactions seen in 10.8% patients. Miliaria and other physical dermatoses contributed to about 6% of the total cases. Conclusion: Majority of paediatric dermatoses can be grouped into 8 categories. Significant proportion of dermatoses are infectious and eczematous types. Infections are more prevalent in low socio-economic strata and with proper education and creating awareness they can be minimised to a significant extent.
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Drug induced Lupus Erythematosus (DILE) is a form of rare adverse drug reaction caused due to many drugs, including Isoniazid. Diagnosis is made on the basis of a temporal relationship between the drug administered and the onset of symptoms and on the basis of the antibody profile. We describe the case of a 13 year old female who was diagnosed as having abdominal tuberculosis and was put on ATT and later presented with signs and symptoms of Lupus Erythematosus, with a history of photosensitivity, oral ulcers, and malar rash. Keywords: Isoniazid, Tuberculosis, Drug Induced Lupus
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Background: Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD) is an uncommon but serious complication of intraocular surgery. It requires prompt intervention to prevent corneal decompensation. Intracameral injection of air is the most commonly practiced and most successful modality of management in such circumstances. Aim and Objective: To analyze the possible causes of Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD), evaluate the efficacy of intracameral air injection in its management, analyze when to do other interventions & to evaluate the outcome of patients after successful management. Methods: After Ethical committee approval, clinical data of 50 eyes of 50 patients during the period April 2014 to April 2016, who developed DM detachment after cataract surgery were noted. Study area: - IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India. Study population: - 50 eyes of 50 post cataract surgery patients developing intra-operative DMD in the period of April 2014 to April 2016. Results: Patients were within the age group 54 to 82 years, mean was 65.38 ± 7.11. Sex distribution was 24 male and 26 female patients. Majority of the patients (n=37, 74%), had severe corneal edema. 8% had mild and 18% had moderate corneal edema. Descemet’s membrane detachment as noted from the ASOCT was, Range 10% to 95%, Mean 46.20, SD 24.065. Only air was sufficient to re-attach DMD ranged from 10% to 55%, mean = 36.50 and SD = 14.815. Visual acuity of patients on Post-Op (Day 1) versus Post-Op (1 week), c2 = 22.1 and P = 0.00019144, which was a significant improvement. Conclusion: Intra Cameral injection of air is demonstrated as a safe and efficacious option for the repair of Descemet's membrane detachment. Use of Isoexpansile 14% C3F8 is an effective and promising alternative for cases not resolving with repeated intra cameral air injection.
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In this study fecal microflora of human infants born through vaginal delivery (VB) and through cesarean section (CB) were investigated using culture-independent 16S rDNA cloning and sequencing approach. The results obtained clearly revealed that fecal microbiota of VB infants distinctly differ from those in their counterpart CB infants. The intestinal microbiota of infants delivered by cesarean section appears to be more diverse, in terms of bacteria species, than the microbiota of vaginally delivered infants. The most abundant bacterial species present in VB infants were Acinetobacter sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Staphylococcus sp. However, CB infant’s fecal microbiota was dominated with Citrobacter sp., Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile. The intestinal microbiota of cesarean section delivered infants in this study was also characterized by an absence of Bifidobacteria species. An interesting finding of our study was recovery of large number of Acinetobacter sp. consisting of Acinetobacter pittii (former Acinetobacter genomic species 3), Acinetobacter junii and Acinetobacter baumannii in the VB infants clone library. Among these, Acinetobacter baumannii is a known nosocomial pathogen and Acinetobacter pittii (genomic species 3) is recently recognized as clinically important taxa within the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB) complex. Although none of the infants had shown any sign of clinical symptoms of disease, this observation warrants a closer look.